RAPID/MOCHA Papers
2023:
D.L. Volkov, D.A. Smeed, M. Lankhorst, S. Dong, B.I. Moat, J. Willis, W. Hobbs, T. Biló, W. Johns, and L. Chomiak (2023) [in “State of the Climate in 2022”]. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 104 (9), S173–S176. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-23-0076.2
Johns, W.E., Elipot, S., Smeed, D.A., Moat, B., King, B., Volkov, D.L., Smith, R.H., (2023). Towards Two Decades of Atlantic Ocean Mass and Heat Transports at 26.5ºN. Royal Society Philosophical Transactions A 2023. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2022.0188.
Volkov, D.L., Zhang, K., Johns, W.E. et al. Atlantic meridional overturning circulation increases flood risk along the United States southeast coast. Nat Commun 14, 5095 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-40848-z
2022:
Smeed, D., Moat, B., Frajka-Williams, E., Rayner, D., Volkov, D., and Johns, W., 2022. Variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) at 26°N and the design of the RAPID observing array, EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23–27 May 2022, EGU22-11850, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-11850
Li, F., Lozier, M.S., Holliday, N.P., Johns, W.E., Le Bras, I.A., Moat, B., Cunningham, S.A., de Jong, M.F., 2021. Observation-based estimates of heat and freshwater exchanges from the subtropical North Atlantic to the Arctic. Progress in Oceanography, 197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2021.102640
2021:
Frajka-Williams, E., Johns, W. E., Bryden, H. L., Smeed, D. A., Duchez, A., and Holton, L., 2021. The Antilles Current and wind-driven gyre circulation at 26°N. EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, 1 April 2021. EGU21-11132. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-11132
Drouin, K.L., Lozier, M.S., Johns, W.E., 2021. Variability and Trends of the South Atlantic Subtropical Gyre. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans., 126, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JC016405
2020:
Moat, B., Smeed, D.A., Frajka-Williams, E., Desbruyeres, D.G., Beaulieu, C., Johns, W.E., Rayner, D., Sanchez-Franks, A., Baringer, M.O., Volkov, D.L., and Bryden, H.L., 2020. Pending recovery in the strength of the meridional overturning circulation at 26°N. Ocean Science Discussions, 16, 863–874, 2020. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-16-863-2020
Hirschi, J. J. ‐M., Barnier, B., Böning, C., Biastoch, A., Blaker, A. T., Coward, A., Danilov, S., Drijfhout, S., Getzlaff, K., Griffies, S. M., Hasumi, H., Hewitt, H., Iovino, D., Kawasaki, T., Kiss, A. E., Koldunov, N., Marzocchi, A., Mecking, J. V., Moat, B. Molines, Jean-Marc; Myers, Paul G.; Penduff, Thierry; Roberts, Malcolm; Treguier, Anne-Marie; Sein, Dmitry V.; Sidorenko, Dmitry; Small, Justin; Spence, Paul; Thompson, LuAnne; Weijer, Wilbert; Xu, X., 2020. The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation in high resolution models. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans.,125, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JC015522
Liu, Y., Attema, J., Moat, B., Hazeleger, W., (2020). Synthesis and evaluation of historical meridional heat transport from midlatitudes towards the Arctic. Earth System Dynamics, 11 (1). 77-96. https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-11-77-2020
Bryden, H. L., W. E. Johns, B. A. King, G. McCarthy, E. L. McDonagh, B. I. Moat, and D. A. Smeed, 2020: Reduction in Ocean Heat Transport at 26°N since 2008 Cools the Eastern Subpolar Gyre of the North Atlantic Ocean. J. Climate, 33, 1677–1689, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0323.1.
Biló, T. C., and W. E. Johns, 2020: The Deep Western Boundary Current and Adjacent Interior Circulation at 24°–30°N: Mean Structure and Mesoscale Variability. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 50, 2735–2758, https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-20-0094.1.
2019:
Meinen, C. S., Johns, W. E., Moat, B. I., Smith, R. H., Johns, E. M., Rayner, D., et al. (2019). Structure and variability of the Antilles Current at 26.5°N. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 124, 3700–3723. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JC014836
Domingues, R. M., W. E. Johns, and C. S. Meinen, 2019: Mechanisms of Eddy-Driven Variability of the Florida Current. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 49, 1319–1338, https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-18-0192.1.
Volkov, D. L., M. Baringer, D. Smeed, W. Johns, and F. W. Landerer, 2019: Teleconnection between the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation and Sea Level in the Mediterranean Sea. J. Climate, 32, 935–955, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0474.1.
2018:
Smeed, D. A., Josey, S. A., Beaulieu, C., Johns, W. E., Moat, B. I., Frajka-Williams, E., et al. (2018). The North Atlantic Ocean is in a state of reduced overturning. Geophysical Research Letters, 45, 1527–1533. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL076350
2017:
McCarthy, G. D., and Coauthors, 2017: The importance of deep, basinwide measurements in optimized Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation observing arrays. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 122, 1808-1826. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC012200
2016:
Moat, B.I., Josey, S.A., Sinha, B., Blaker, A.T., Smeed, D.A., McCarthy, G., Johns, W.E., Hirschi, J.M., Frajka-Williams, E., Rayner, D. and Duchez, A., 2016. Major variations in subtropical North Atlantic heat transport at short (5 day) timescales and their causes. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 125, 3237-3249. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC011660
2015:
Frajka-Williams, E., Meinen, C.S., Johns, W.E., Smeed, D.A., Duchez, A., Lawrence, A.J., Cuthbertson, D.A., McCarthy, G.D., Bryden, H.L., Moat, B.I. and Rayner, D., 2015. Compensation between meridional flow components of the AMOC at 26° N. Ocean Science Discussions, 12(6), pp.2705-2741. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-481-2016
Baringer, M.O., McCarthy, G.D., Willis, J., Smeed, D.A., Rayner, D., Johns, W.E., Meinen, C.S., Lankhorst, M., Send, U., Cunningham, S.A. and Kanzow, T.O., 2015. Meridional overturning circulation observations in the North Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 96(7), pp.S78-S80. [PDF]
McCarthy, G. D., and Coauthors, 2015: Measuring the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation at 26 degrees N. Progress in Oceanography, 130, 91-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2014.10.006
2014:
Baringer, MO and Johns, WE and Hobbs, WR and Garzoli, S and Dong, S and Willis, J, Meridional oceanic heat transport in the Atlantic Ocean [in 'State of the Climate in 2014'], American Meteorological Society. Bulletin, 96, (7) pp. S81-S82.
Smeed, D. A., McCarthy, G. D., Cunningham, S. A., Frajka-Williams, E., Rayner, D., Johns, W. E., Meinen, C. S., Baringer, M. O., Moat, B. I., Duchez, A., and Bryden, H. L., 2014. Observed decline of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation 2004-2012, Ocean Sci., 10, 29-38, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-29-2014
Xu, X., E. P. Chassignet, W. E. Johns, W. J. Schmitz, Jr., and E. J. Metzger, 2014: Intraseasonal to interannual variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation from eddy-resolving simulations and observations. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 119, 5140-5159.
Zhao, J., and W. E. Johns, 2014. Wind-forced interannual variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation at 26.5°N, J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 119, 2403–2419, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JC009407
Zhao, J., and W. E. Johns, 2014. Wind-Driven Seasonal Cycle of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 44, 1541–1562. doi: https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-13-0144.1
Cunningham, S.A., C. D. Roberts, E. Frajka-Williams, W. E. Johns, W. Hobbs, M. D. Palmer, D. Rayner, D. A. Smeed, and G. McCarthy, 2014. Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation slowdown cooled the subtropical ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 40(23), 6202-6207. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058464
2013:
Frajka-Williams, E., W. E. Johns, C. S. Meinen, L. M. Beal, and S. A. Cunningham, 2013: Eddy impacts on the Florida Current. Geophysical Research Letters, 40, 349-353. https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50115
Meinen, C. S., W. E. Johns, S. L. Garzoli, E. van Sebille, D. Rayner, T. Kanzow, and M. O. Baringer, 2013: Variability of the Deep Western Boundary Current at 26.5 degrees N during 2004-2009. Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography, 85, 154-168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.07.036
Msadek, R., W. E. Johns, S. G. Yeager, G. Danabasoglu, T. L. Delworth, and A. Rosati, 2013: The Atlantic Meridional Heat Transport at 26.5 degrees N and Its Relationship with the MOC in the RAPID Array and the GFDL and NCAR Coupled Models. Journal of Climate, 26, 4335-4356. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00081.1
2012:
McCarthy, G., Frajka-Williams, E., Johns, W.E., Baringer, M., Meinen, C., Bryden, H.L., Rayner, D., Duchez, A., Roberts, C., Cunningham, S., (2012). Observed interannual variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation at 26.5°N. Geophysical Research Letters. 39. 19609-. https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL052933
2011:
Baringer, M. O., T. O. Kanzow, C. S. Meinen, S. A. Cunningham, D. Rayner, W. E. Johns, H. L. Bryden, Eleanor Faika-Williams, J. J-M. Hirschi, M. P. Chidichimo,L. M. Beal and J. Marotzke, 2011. Meridional Overturning Circulation Observations in the Subtropical North Atlantic, in State of the Climate in 2010, Blunden, J., D. S. Arndt, M. O. Baringer (eds.), Bull. Am. Met. Soc., 92, S95–S98. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477-92.6.S1
Johns, W.E., Baringer, M.O., Beal, L.M., Cunningham, S.A., Kanzow, T., Bryden, H.L., Hirschi, J., Marotzke, J., Meinen, C., Shaw, B., Curry, R. Continuous, array-based estimates of Atlantic Ocean heat transport at 26.5° N. Journal of Climate, 24, 2429–2449. https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI3997.1
Rayner, D., and Coauthors, 2011: Monitoring the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography, 58, 1744-1753. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.10.056
van Sebille, E., M. O. Baringer, W. E. Johns, C. S. Meinen, L. M. Beal, M. F. de Jong, and H. M. van Aken (2011). Propagation pathways of classical Labrador Sea water from its source region to 26°N, J. Geophys. Res., 116, C12027,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JC007171
2010:
Kanzow, T., Cunningham, S.A., Johns, W.E., Hirschi, J. J-M., Marotzke, J., Baringer, M.O., Meinen, C.S., Chidichimo, M.P., Atkinson, C., Beal, L.M., Bryden , H.L., Collins, J. Seasonal variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation at 26.5° N. Journal of Climate, 23, 5678-5698, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI3389.1
Chidichimo, M. P., Kanzow, T., Cunningham, S. A., Johns, W. E., and Marotzke, J., 2010. The contribution of eastern-boundary density variations to the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation at 26.5° N, Ocean Sci., 6, 475–490, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-6-475-2010
2009:
DiNezio, P. N., L. J. Gramer, W. E. Johns, C. S. Meinen, and M. O. Baringer, 2009. Observed Interannual Variability of the Florida Current: Wind Forcing and the North Atlantic Oscillation. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 39, 721-736. https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JPO4001.1
Kanzow, T., and Coauthors, 2009. Basinwide Integrated Volume Transports in an Eddy-Filled Ocean. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 39, 3091-3110. https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JPO4185.1
2008:
Baehr J., McInerney, Keller K., Marotzke J., 2008. Optimization of an observing system Design for the North Atlantic overturning circulation. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 25: 625-634. https://doi.org/10.1175/2007JTECHO535.1
Beal L., E. Williams, J. Hummon, O. Brown, E. Kearns, W. Baringer. Five years of Florida Current Structure and Transport measured from the Royal Caribbean Cruise ship Explorer of the Seas . Journal of Geophysical Research, 113, C06001, doi:10.1029/2007JC004154, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JC004154.
Johns, W.E., L.M. Beal, M.O. Baringer, J.R. Molina, S.A. Cunningham, T. Kanzow, and D. Rayner, 2008: Variability of Shallow and Deep Western Boundary Currents off the Bahamas during 2004–05: Results from the 26°N RAPID–MOC Array. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 38, 605–623. https://doi.org/10.1175/2007JPO3791.1.
2007:
Baehr, J., H. Haak, S. Alderson, S.A. Cunningham, J.H. Jungclaus, and J. Marotzke, 2007. Timely Detection of Changes in the Meridional Overturning Circulation at 26°N in the Atlantic. J. Climate, 20, 5827–5841. https://doi.org/10.1175/2007JCLI1686.1.
Cunningham, S.A., T. Kanzow, D. Rayner, M.O. Baringer, W.E. Johns, J. Marotzke, H.R. Longworth, E.M. Grant, J. J.-M. Hirschi, L.M. Beal, C.S. Meinen, and H.L. Bryden, 2007. Temporal Variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation at 26.5°N. Science, 317, 935-938. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1141304.
Hirschi, J.J.M., P.D. Killworth, and J.R. Blundell, 2007. Subannual, Seasonal, and Interannual Variability of the North Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 37, 1246–1265. https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO3049.1.
Kanzow, T., S.A. Cunningham, D. Rayner, J. J.-M. Hirschi, W.E. Johns, M.O. Baringer, H.L. Bryden, L.M. Beal, C.S. Meinen, and J. Marotzke, 2007: Observed Flow Compensation Associated with the MOC at 26.5°N in the Atlantic. Science, 317, 938-941. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1141293
2003:
Hirschi J., Baehr J., Marotzke J., Stark J., Cunningham S.A. and Beismann J.O., 2003: A monitoring design for the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. Geophysical Research Letters, 30, No 7. https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL016776.
